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不同类型土壤团聚体化学稳定性分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以4种不同类型土壤为研究对象,在室内用干筛的0.25~5 mm的团聚体以容积密度为1.40 g/cm3装填到环刀中,用5种不同浓度的氯化铵溶液分别浸润饱和24、48和72 h后,以纯水为介质采用降水头法测定土壤饱和导水率,探讨了不同类型土壤团聚体的稳定性对盐溶液的反应特征及抗化学物质的破坏能力。结果表明:土壤饱和导水率并非常数,4种供试土壤饱和导水率在不同浓度氯化铵溶液和浸泡时间处理下均呈显著变化,总体表现为盐浓度越高、浸泡时间越长,土壤饱和导水率越小,但不同类型土壤对盐溶液的响应差异显著。由此可得,在纯水中水稳性较强的土壤团聚体却不一定是化学稳定性强的,团聚体的化学稳定性随其胶结剂的类型、数量与质量不同,对土壤溶液中化学物质响应差异显著。 相似文献
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This paper presents the first laboratory study investigating larval settlement and metamorphosis of Pinctada maxima in response to both natural and artificial inducers. Natural biofilms induced larval settlement and the inductive effect appears to be closely associated with the bacteria in the biofilm. This result indicates that, in nature, bacteria may play an important role in the settlement of P. maxima larvae. Various pharmacological agents were also tested in this study and the results were generally similar to those found with other marine invertebrates, particularly molluscs. The results show that some pharmacological agents are potent artificial inducers of larval settlement for P. maxima. The findings of this study provide valuable information for understanding the mechanism of the larval settlement of this species, which is useful information for the hatchery industry of this pearl oyster. 相似文献
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为了解节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)不同生育期叶片表皮蜡质组成及晶体形态的变化,对节节麦叶片蜡质进行提取,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪和气相色谱-火焰离子化检测仪(GC-FID)对蜡质进行了定性和定量分析,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对叶片表面蜡质晶体形态进行了观察。结果表明,节节麦叶表皮蜡质经GC-MS分析,共鉴定出化合物21种,主要以初级醇为主(苗期、抽穗期和灌浆期相对含量分别为85%、84%和70%),并含有少量的烷烃、醛、酮和脂肪酸;随着节节麦的生长发育,蜡质总量不断积累,烷烃含量极显著地升高,其中以C29烷烃的增加最明显,而初级醇含量显著降低,其中C26醇的相对含量降低最明显(苗期、抽穗期和灌浆期相对含量分别为80%、76%和63%),其他各类化合物组分变化不大。经扫描电镜观察,节节麦叶片近轴和远轴面的蜡质晶体形态无明显差别,苗期均为片状,抽穗期大部分仍以片状形态存在,并且蜡质晶体的密集程度比苗期稀疏,灌浆期蜡质晶体的密集程度变得更加稀疏。这些变化可能与抽穗期、灌浆期烷烃含量的增加和初级醇含量的减少有关。 相似文献
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杜鹃冠网蝽的药剂防治试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了给杜鹃冠网蝽的化学防治提供理论依据,选择阿维菌素、吡虫啉等药剂进行药效试验。结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素、10%吡虫啉对杜鹃冠网蝽有较好的防治效果,药后3 d防效分别达97.4%和96.8%。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):342-353
Tree mortality and growth losses following insect defoliation are poorly documented in Scandinavia. In 1990-1991, Diprion pini (L.) caused extensive defoliation to Scots pine in Lauhanvuori national park and surrounding areas in south-western Finland. Most trees lost all their foliage in 1990. In 1991, the outbreak area was sprayed with diflubenzuron (Dimilin®), except in the national park, where trees were severely defoliated again. No further defoliation occurred in 1992. In spring 1993, sprayed trees had ca 30% foliage, whereas unsprayed trees on average carried less than 10% of full foliage. The latter trees were susceptible to attack by Tomicus piniperda (L.), whereas the former largely escaped beetle attack. Beetle attacks peaked in 1993, and depletion of suitable host trees probably terminated the beetle outbreak in the area. Two years of severe defoliation resulted in substantial tree mortality and growth losses. In spring 1997, these unsprayed stands had suffered a ca. 50% loss in basal area which was mainly because of mortality, and about half of the dead trees had been attacked by T. piniperda. Surviving trees had ca 50% of full foliage, and radial growth had still not recovered. Basal area growth was reduced by 40-70%, depending on the amount of foliage left after the second year of defoliation. In contrast, tree mortality and beetle attack in the sprayed stands were negligible, and these trees had recovered full foliage and radial growth by spring 1997. Thus, one year of total defoliation resulted in an estimated loss in basal area growth of approximately 30% during ca. 5 yrs. In conclusion, the spraying operation was economically justified, as it prevented substantial tree mortality and reduced growth losses. 相似文献
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The fat production rate in adult healthy masked civet(Paguma lavata) and nutria (Myocaster coypus) oil were measured. The values of iodine, saponification and acid pH, composition of fatty acids of grease were analyzed
both chemically and by apparatus. The results showed that acid pH, iodine value, saponification value, and unsaturation point
are 1.887 and 0.784, 53.90 and 48.32, 98.80 and 100.23, and 60.05% and 58.85% are respectively for masked civet’s fat and
nutria’s oil. Both of masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil contain a little of Eicosatetraenoic acid (C-20∶4), which is of
great significance in nutrition and metabolism for human body. The analysis results indicate that masked civet’s oil is similar
to nutria’s oil in iodine value, saponification value and unsaturation point. Both masked civet’s fat and nutria’s oil are
steady and have highly nutrition. They can be widely exploited and utilized in health protection and cosmetics made industry.
(Responsible Editor: Chai Ruiha) 相似文献